Renewable Energy 81 (2015) 293e307Ītmospheric attenuation and solar incident angle on different days cannot be reproduced easily using solar simulator. The solution of optimum spacing in the solar panel and distance from the reflector on a specific location that output the highest yearly yield cannot be found easily using indoor experimental approach, such as the method used in Ref. Therefore, an accurate simulation model for the bifacial solar panel that takes into account of all the above-mentioned factors is required to simulate the output of the solar panel and predict its yearly yield accurately, so that the solar panel design can be optimized based on its yearly yield. Moreover, large objects in the installation environment, such as the buildings nearby may reflect sunlight to the solar panel at a certain period of time but block the sunlight from reaching the panel at another period of time. The rear surface of the bifacial solar cell can be shaded by the same solar cell or the solar cells nearby and the effect of shading is dependent on the design of solar panel. This is because the amount of sunlight reflected from the reflector to the rear surface of the panel is dependent on the sunlight direction and intensity, which is varying from time to time and dependent on the installation location. Performance of the bifacial solar panel with a reflector is heavily dependent on the amount of reflected light from the nearby objects on the site and the design of solar panel, or more specifically, the spacing of solar cells in the panel and the distance from the reflector. Besides, performance drop due to manufacturing mismatch and variation in reflected sunlight intensity on the solar cells from time to time is not included in the simulation too. However, it does not take into account of the effect of installation location and environment on the performance of the bifacial solar cells. This approach calculates the surface reflections of the solar cells accurately and predicts the photogenerated current for different types of reflectors. The optical simulation of bifacial solar cells had been done using a three dimensional Monte Carlo ray tracer with the photo-generated current output simulated by a commercial TCAD software. A simulation method for the bifacial solar cells with such a reflector had been reported. A simple planar reflector such as mirror had been used to boost its output by reflecting sunlight to its rear surface. Introduction A bifacial solar panel can utilize both surfaces to convert sunlight into electrical energy. Keywords: Bifacial solar panel Reflector SMARTS Radiance PC1Dġ. The simulation tool is verified experimentally and used to determine the optimum design of a site-specified bifacial solar panel that can achieve the maximum increase of 26% in yearly yield. The simulation tool includes the effects of the temperature changes in solar cells and the variation in solar irradiance incident on both front and rear sides at different time in a day, the manufacturing mismatch of the solar cells, and also the reflected light from the nearby objects.
USING PC1D SOFTWARE SOFTWARE
Therefore, a new simulation tool consisting of several open-source software packages with the bifacial solar cell model is developed to predict the yearly yield of the bifacial solar panel with the reflector accurately. The design of the bifacial solar panel with the reflector has to be optimized in order to achieve the maximum yield on a specific site setup. However, the actual energy yield from the solar panel in this case is dependent on the light reflected from the reflector and surrounding objects to the rear surfaces of the solar cells. The use of a commonly available planar reflector such as a plane mirror can boost the energy output of a bifacial solar panel effectively without increasing much in the overall cost. Renewable Energy journal homepage: New integrated simulation tool for the optimum design of bifacial solar panel with reflectors on a specific site Chin Kim Lo*, Yun Seng Lim, Faidz Abd Rahman Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Genting Klang, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaĪrticle history: Received 16 October 2014 Accepted 16 March 2015 Available online Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
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